The invention discloses a device for measuring the sample thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric potential. The device comprises a sample holder, a DC current source, a thermoelectric voltmeter,a high-temperature thermocouple meter, a low-temperature thermocouple meter and a measurement control and data collector, wherein a high-temperature end thermocouple is connected with a low-temperature end thermocouple through a supporting bar and is also electrically connected with the first end of a to-be-tested sample, and the low-temperature end thermocouple is electrically connected with thesecond end of the to-be-tested sample; a sample heating plate is in contact with the high-temperature end thermocouple; the DC current source is electrically connected with the sample heating plate and is used for applying DC current onto the sample heating plate, so that heating power is generated; the thermoelectric voltmeter is electrically connected with the low-temperature end thermocouple and the high-temperature end thermocouple and is used for obtaining thermoelectric voltage between the first end and the second end; the high-temperature thermocouple meter is used for acquiring first temperature at the first end; the low-temperature thermocouple meter is used for acquiring second temperature at the second end; the measurement control and data collector is used for recording the thermoelectric voltage, the first temperature, the second temperature and the heating power and calculating the thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric potential of the to-be-tested sample. With theadoption of the device, the thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric potential can be obtained from the same to-be-tested sample, so that the measuring efficiency is improved.