The invention discloses electrolyte suitable for a rapid charging system and a lithium ion cylindrical battery comprising the electrolyte. An Additive of the electrolyte is a combination of a film-forming additive, a high-temperature additive and a low-temperature additive, wherein the film-forming additive comprises fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), succinonitrile (SN) andmethylene methanedisulfonate (MMDS); the high-temperature additive is 1,3-propane suhone (PS) or prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PST); the low-temperature additive is ethylene sulfate (DTD). The electrolyte is suitable for the lithium ion cylindrical battery of the rapid charging system and can remarkably improve the rapid charging cycle performance under the high rate of the battery, and meanwhile, the electrolyte also has good high-and-low temperature performance.