The invention discloses a shelf board machining production line. The shelf board machining production line comprises a feeding mechanism, a plug hitting device, a plug welding device and a dischargingmechanism which are sequentially arranged; the feeding mechanism welds and fixes a shelf board frame and conveys the shelf board to the plug hitting device, the plug hitting device is used for mounting an iron plug to a frame on the two sides of a layer board, the plug welding device is used for welding and fixing the shelf board and the iron plug mounted in the shelf board frame, and the discharging mechanism outputs the shelf board. According to the shelf board machining production line and a method for machining the shelf board, through cooperation of the feeding mechanism, the plug hitting device, the plug welding device and the discharging mechanism, the shelf board machining efficiency is improved.