The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for user equipment (UE) and base station random access. A UE first sends a first wireless signal; receives first signaling; and sends a second wireless signal. The first wireless signal comprises X1 first sub-signals, and the second wireless signal comprises X2 second sub-signals. The first sub-signals are generated from a feature sequence, the X2 second sub-signals respectively carry X2 pieces of first sub-information, and the first sub-information comprises at least one of an RRC connection request, a tracking area update, a scheduling request, an ID of the UE, a random number, and a downlink antenna port group. The first signaling is used to determine the X2 first sub-signals in the X1 first sub-signals, time-frequency resources and antenna port groups of the X2 second sub-signals are correlated with the X2 first sub-signals. The method disclosed by the invention can support spatial multiplexing in uplink random accesses and can avoid the problem of ambiguities in random access and improve random access performance.