The invention discloses a whole-process automatic flushing electrified water flushing robot and method for substation equipment. Before operation, the dirt degree of an insulator string is pre-examined according to an acquired image. When judgment shows that flushing needs to be carried out, the actual position information of the insulator string in an operation site is acquired. The information is used as main servo positioning data, visual image data and laser data are combined and used as an auxiliary servo positioning means, the accurate servo positioning of a water gun joint is realized,flushing is carried out, the working state of the water gun is detected in the flushing process, and safe flushing is maintained. Then, the dirt degree of the insulator string is monitored so as to judge whether flushing needs to be continuously carried out until the insulator string is flushed clean.