The invention relates to an air floating supporting and sealing structure for a rod. The air floating supporting and sealing structure for the rod comprises a base for fixing a sealing component, an inner sleeve arranged in the inner diameter of the base and capable of moving in the axial direction, a shifting rod for shifting the inner sleeve to move, and a limiting plate for limiting the movingposition of the inner sleeve; a rod connecting sleeve is inserted into the inner sleeve, a gap is formed between the rod connecting sleeve and the inner sleeve, inner sleeve outer sealing rings are arranged between the inner sleeve and the base. According to the air floating supporting and sealing structure for the rod, the radial sealing mode is adopted, the operation is simple, and the automaticcontrol is easy to realize; and moreover, a driving device receives no acting force, and thus the driving device can not be damaged.