The invention relates to an aluminum alloy fireproof window provided with a built-in opening and closing device and having a self-locking function. The aluminum alloy fireproof window includes a window sash, a window frame, a window closing device, a connecting rod, a sliding block, a sliding block limiting mechanism and a locking mechanism. The window sash is provided with a frame, the window frame is rotatably connected with one side of the window sash frame, the window closing device is embedded in an upper frame of the window sash, and the connecting rod is connected with the window closing device and the sliding block limiting mechanism. The sliding block and the sliding block limiting mechanism are arranged in a sliding rail disposed in the upper portion of the window frame, and thelocking mechanism is arranged in the frame of the side of the window sash and is in clamped connection with the window frame. The aluminum alloy fireproof window is attractive, does not occupy space,does not affect the installation of a screen window, is not contaminated easily and facilitates cleaning. A limiter has a moderate degree of force on the sliding block, and in the event of a fire, thelimiter can be timely unhooked to release the sliding block. After the locking mechanism closes the window sash, the sealing performance is better, so that expansion air flow in the event of a fire pushes window seams open and causes the fire to leap up, and the safety of the fireproof window is further enhanced.