The invention relates to a round coal yard with a coal pile spontaneous combustion preventing and controlling function and solves the problem of difficulty in preventing spontaneous combustion of a coal pile in the prior art. The round coal yard further comprises an inversely-hung guide rail, a plurality of connecting members are mounted at the bottom of a cantilever, the top of the inversely-hungguide rail is mounted at the bottoms of the connecting members, a stopper is fixedly mounted on each of two sides of the inversely-hung guide rail, rollers of an electric-control walking vehicle arehung on the inversely-hung guide rail, an electric extensible rod is mounted below the electric-control walking vehicle, and a spontaneous combustion preventive detection device is mounted on the electric extensible rod. The electric-control walking vehicle can reach space above a coal pile at any area of the round coal yard, and temperature (smoke composition) of the surface of the coal pile at any point can be conveniently and accurately detected to accurately judge whether spontaneous combustion of the coal pile at the point occurs or not, so that spontaneous combustion of the coal pile isprevented.