The invention discloses a sleeve gear connecting multi-disk rotor dynamic balance system based on phase matching. The balance system comprises a sensor seat, a front supporting seat, a driving motor,a rear supporting seat and a computer, a transmission shaft is mounted between a front mounting seat and a rear mounting seat, a sleeve gear shaft matched with the transmission shaft is mounted between a front rotor and a middle rotor, the front rotor is mounted on the front mounting seat, a belt pulley is mounted on the driving motor, the belt pulley of the driving motor is in transmission connected with the transmission shaft through a belt, a photoelectric measuring pipeline tube is mounted at the top of the sensor seat, and three photoelectric measuring devices are mounted on the photoelectric measuring pipeline tube. According to the system, dynamic balance solution is performed by the aid of a phase matching mode, mounting positions of rotors are planned, phase adjustment is achievedby the aid of a sleeve gear connecting mode, a phase of any rotor can be read, adjustment is simple, convenient and reliable, whole balance is achieved by the aid of phase adjustment, working time consumption caused by repeated material removal is avoided, and the operation processes of dynamic balance treatment are simplified.