The invention discloses a dust suppression device for building construction and a working method of the dust suppression device. The dust suppression device comprises a bottom plate, wherein a water tank, a stand column and a wheel carrier are fixedly mounted at the top of the bottom plate, the outside of the stand column is sleeved with a hollow lifting rod, an annular pipeline is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting rod, a plurality of atomizing sprayers are distributed on the outer wall of the annular pipeline in array, a master synchronizing wheel and a slave synchronizing wheelare connected to an upper shaft of the wheel carrier and are connected through a synchronizing belt, a connecting block is fixedly arranged on the outer side surface, close to the stand column, of the synchronizing belt, the side surface, away from the synchronizing belt, of the connecting block is fixedly connected with the side surface of the lifting rod, a lifting motor is fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the wheel carrier, and a water pump is also mounted at the top of the bottom plate. Atomized water drops can be uniformly and continuously sprayed in a space range, so that dust coagulation and dust suppression are more thorough, and the device is simple and reasonable in structure, convenient to use, high in working efficiency and better in dust removal effect.