The invention discloses a bat algorithm and two-dimensional information entropy-based infrared image segmentation method. The method comprises the steps of S10: obtaining a to-be-segmented infrared image; S20: taking a two-dimensional information entropy function as an objective function of a bat algorithm, and taking a segmentation threshold variable in the two-dimensional information entropy function as a bat position variable in the bat algorithm; and S30: based on the bat algorithm, calculating a corresponding bat position when the objective function is maximal, and taking the bat positionas an optimal segmentation threshold for segmenting the to-be-segmented infrared image into a background region and a target region. In addition, the invention discloses a corresponding system. The to-be-segmented infrared image can be quickly and accurately segmented. Compared with an existing infrared image threshold segmentation method, the threshold selection speed and the image segmentationprecision are effectively improved; the difficulty of segmentation is overcome; and a foundation is laid for real-time extraction and analysis of subsequent equipment temperature field features.