The invention discloses a rural distribution network low voltage treatment method, comprising the steps of obtaining a load voltage of a load node; judging whether the node voltage is smaller than a preset threshold or not; determining a voltage adjustment parameter of a voltage adjustment device according to the load voltage if the node voltage is smaller than the preset threshold; and sending the voltage adjustment parameter to a voltage adjustment device, thereby enabling the voltage adjustment device to adjust the load voltage according to the voltage adjustment parameter, wherein the voltage adjustment device comprises a feeder line reactive compensation device, and the voltage adjustment parameter of the feeder line reactive compensation device is feeder line reactive compensation quantity. According to the method and the system, through monitoring and analysis of the load voltage of the load node, the adjustment can be carried out by controlling the voltage adjustment parameterof the voltage adjustment device when the low voltage condition occurs; through utilization of the advantage that the feeder line reactive compensation device is close to the load node, the low voltage problem of the load node is effectively solved; and the treatment effect is improved. The invention also provides a rural distribution network low voltage treatment system. The system has the same beneficial effects.