The invention relates to a differential ion mobility spectrometry and high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry combination device, which comprises a differential ion mobility spectrometry, a high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry and an interface device connecting the differential ion mobility spectrometry and the high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, and is characterized in that the differential ion mobility spectrometry comprises a first substrate, a first gas inlet port, an ion source, an ion source substrate, a second gas inlet port, afirst tail gas port, a first ion selective electrode and a second ion selective electrode, the high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry comprises a second substrate, a third gas inletport, a second tail gas port, a first ion separation electrode, a second ion separation electrode, a weak current detection electrode, a weak current detector and a bias electrode, and the interface device is composed of a first traction electrode and a second traction electrode. According to the technical scheme, the device realizes twice separation for differences in spatial position and migration speed of ions of a substance under test, and can realize field detection of the ion mobility spectrometry for pollutants in a complex environment.