The invention discloses a short-process and environment-friendly method for thoroughly separating gold from refractory gold ores. The short-process and environment-friendly method is characterized bycomprising the steps that pretreatment is conducted on the refractory gold ores, specifically, crushing and ball-milling are conducted on the refractory gold ores, a certain amount of additives are added, even stirring is conducted, then pelletizing and dehydration are conducted, and granular raw materials are prepared; high-temperature volatilization and absorption of the raw materials are conducted, specifically, the granular raw materials are evenly added into a tumbling and material-conveying device, even heating is conducted, gold-bearing compounds in the granular raw materials are gasified and volatilized and then enter a totally-enclosed and full-automatic gas spraying and recovering device, absorption liquid is sprayed for absorption, and sediments are obtained; and collection of the gold-bearing compounds is conducted, specifically, the sediments which are obtained through spraying are subjected to standing, filtering, cleaning and collecting. According to the short-process and environment-friendly method for thoroughly separating the gold from the refractory gold ores, compared with an existing cyaniding method, the short-process and environment-friendly method has the characteristics that the manufacturing and preparation process is short, the recovery efficiency is high, the treatment capability is high, environmental protection is achieved, energy conservation andemission reduction are achieved, and the cost is low, the gold in the refractory gold ores can be subjected to industrialized and large-scale separation and extraction, and efficient extraction of gold resources is achieved.