Provided is an upright hat guard type optical cable distribution box with an electronic tag. The box comprises: a hat guard type upper cover (100, 100'), a seal ring (200, 200'), an end cover (300, 300'), a locking mechanism (400, 400'), an in-box fibre fusing, light splitting and fibre distributing component (500, 500'), an electronic tag (600, 600') and a fixing structure (700, 700'). The hat guard type upper cover (100, 100') comprises a box body (101, 101'), a mounting base (102, 102') and a mounting opening (103, 103'). The seal ring (200, 200') is embedded in the periphery of the mounting base (102, 102'). The end cover (300, 300') is connected to the in-box fibre fusing, light splitting and fibre distributing component (500, 500') to form a plug-in assembly. The plug-in assembly is inserted in a hat guard type upper box body by means of an opening (104, 104') and enables the end cover (300, 300') to closely abut against the seal ring (200, 200'). The locking mechanism (400, 400') fixes the end cover (300, 300') and the mounting base (102, 102') in a locking manner. The electronic tag (600, 600') is provided on a long side of the mounting opening (103, 103'). The fixing structure (700, 700') is used for fixing an optical cable distribution box on an external fixing body.