The invention discloses a high-speed gearbox thrust disc structure. The high-speed gearbox thrust disc structure comprises a high-speed gear shaft and a driving gear. The high-speed gear shaft comprises a gear part engaged with the driving gear, and shaft shoulder parts located on the two sides of the gear part. An annular clamping groove is formed between the gear part and each shaft shoulder part. A check ring is sleeved with each annular clamping groove. Each check ring is sleeved with a thrust disc. The driving gear makes fact contact with one side of each thrust disc so that a thrust facecan be formed. The radial and axial size of the thrust disc structure is small, the structure is compact, and stable rotation of a high-speed shaft is facilitated; and when vibration is measured at the shaft neck position of the high-speed gear and the rotation speed reaches 30,000 r/min, the axial vibration is smaller than or equal to 0.015. According to the thrust disc structure, the componentstructure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the gear axial gap can be reliably guaranteed, and playing during work is avoided.