A related party based transaction data processing optimization method comprises: receiving multiple related party lists uploaded by a terminal, wherein the related party lists comprise a name of an institution and a related party corresponding to the institution; obtaining, according to the institution name, a source database name corresponding to the institution, and synchronizing in real time, according to the source database name, service data of a source database to a target database; using the related party and service data corresponding to the institution name in the target database to extract a corresponding related party transaction; querying, according to both parties to the extracted related party transaction, whether a corresponding first preset file is present, and if the first preset file is found, calculating a remainder amount corresponding to the first preset file; and obtaining a transaction amount corresponding to the related party transaction, and if the transaction amount is less than or equal to the remainder amount, recording the related party transaction as a simplified approval process related party transaction.