The invention discloses a graphene-based foamed lightweight refractory thermal insulating decoration board which comprises a matrix foamed lightweight refractory thermal insulating material layer anda decorative surface layer, wherein after sprayed to the surface of the matrix foamed lightweight refractory thermal insulating material layer, the decorative surface layer and the matrix foamed lightweight refractory thermal insulating material layer are adhered together by virtue of one-step sinter molding; the matrix foamed lightweight refractory thermal insulating material layer comprises thefollowing raw materials in percentage by weight: graphene, inorganic high-temperature-resistant fibers, non-metallic tailings, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, zirconia, a high-temperature cosolvent, a water repellent, an inorganic high-temperature-resistant adhesive and a flame retardant; and the decorative surface layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: graphene, feldspar, quartz, alumina, wollastonite, calcium carbonate and pigments. According to the prepared finished product in the invention, the materials are uniformly dispersed; and moreover, the prepared board has the advantages of being lightweight, high in strength, fire-resistant, flame-retardant, resistant to water seepage, difficult to age, excellent in mechanical property, green, saving in energy and environmentally friendly and has wide market popularization value.