The invention provides an emergency treatment system for tail gas obtained during adipic acid production. The emergency treatment system comprises an emergency main pipeline which is used for transporting the tail gas, wherein the emergency main pipeline is connected with a 1# absorption tower, an NOX detector which is used for detecting the concentration of NOX in the tail gas, a gas-liquid separation tank and a chimney in series sequentially, and the emergency main pipeline communicates with the lower middle part of the 1# absorption tower; the bottom of the 1# absorption tower is filled with an alkali solution which is used for absorbing the tail gas, the bottom of the 1# absorption tower communicates with the top of the 1# absorption tower through a 1# circulation pipeline, and the 1#circulation pipeline is connected with a 1#first pump in series; the 1#first pump is used for transferring the alkali solution from the bottom of the 1# absorption tower to the top of the 1# absorption tower through the 1# circulation pipeline, and the chimney communicates with the atmosphere. According to the emergency treatment system, under the condition of a failure in the process of nitrous gas recovery, nitrogen oxides in the tail gas are absorbed so that the tail gas can be discharged safely.