The invention relates to a cellulose supported nano-copper (I) porous material, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The cellulose supported nano-copper (I) porous material is preparedby blending and freeze-drying a cellulose suspension, mercaptosilane and a copper ion solution. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the mercaptosilane into the cellulose suspension, performing stirring and reacting to obtain a cellulose-mercaptosilane suspension, freezing the cellulose-mercaptosilane suspension in liquid nitrogen to obtain cellulose-mercaptosilane ice gel, freeze-drying the cellulose-mercaptosilane ice gel, baking and curing the freeze-dried cellulose-mercaptosilane ice gel to obtain a cellulose porous material, impregnating the cellulose porous material in the copper ion solution, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the cellulose supported nano-copper (I) porous material which can be used in the alkyne hydroboration reaction during organic synthesis as a catalyst. The preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness and environmental protection, and the prepared porous material has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, excellent mechanical properties, and easiness in recycling, and has potential application prospects in the fields of catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, antibiosis, sensors and thelike.