The invention discloses a floating chucking wheel used for sandblast derusting equipment, and belongs of the field of pipe derusting. The floating chucking wheel comprises a main shaft, an upper V-shaped single wheel, a lower V-shaped single wheel and a floating assembly, wherein the upper V-shaped single wheel and the lower V-shaped single wheel are rotationally installed on the main shaft in a sleeving manner through bearings, and the small diameter ends of the upper V-shaped single wheel and the lower V-shaped single wheel are oppositely arranged. The floating assembly comprises a spring, aspring pressing sleeve and a spring baffle ring, the spring pressing sleeve is formed by a barrel body with openings in two ends and a gland fixed to the upper end of the barrel body, and the middleportion of the gland is provided with a through hole allowing the main shaft to penetrate; the spring is vertically located in the barrel body, and the upper end of the spring is fixed to the gland; the spring baffle ring is fixedly installed at the lower end of the main shaft and is used for being in contact with the spring in an abutting-against manner, and the outer diameter of the spring baffle ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel body; and the gland of the spring pressing sleeve is connected with the large diameter end of the lower V-shaped single wheel, and the spring can be installed on the main shaft in a compressed and sleeving manner. According to the floating chucking wheel, under the condition that the pipe surface is uneven or a guide polished rod deforms, theguide polished rod can still be clamped, and continuous walking along the guide polished rod can be achieved.