The invention discloses a cardiovascular external counterpulsation treatment device. The device comprises a bed body, at least four sets of vertical columns symmetrically distributed at equal intervals are arranged on the lower side of the bed body, a neck pillow is arranged on the upper side of the bed body, and back cushion plates are arranged on the side, close to the neck pillow, of the bed body; one end of a supporting rod is connected to the side, close to the back cushion plates, of the bed body, upper fixing supports are arranged in the middle positions of the interiors of first sliding grooves, lower fixing supports are arranged in the middle positions of the interiors of second sliding grooves, and one ends of first sliding shafts are connected to the sides, close to the first sliding grooves, of the upper fixing supports. The lower fixing supports and the upper fixing supports can move through the second sliding grooves and the first sliding grooves, so that adjustment is conducted based on the height of a patient; through design of first sliding discs and second sliding discs, angle adjustment can be conducted on the lower fixing supports and the upper fixing supports based on the need of the patient, and the patient gets more comfortable by means of the neck pillow and the back cushion plates.