The invention discloses a distributed phase modifier vibration collecting device comprising a key phase signal conditioning circuit, a vibration signal conditioning circuit, an FPGA, a DSP and a router. The output terminals of the key phase signal conditioning circuit and the vibration signal conditioning circuit are both connected with the input terminal of the FPGA; the output terminal of the FPGA is connected with the input terminal of the DSP; the output terminal of the DAP is connected with the router; and the router is externally connected a the cloud server. In addition, the vibration detection and fault diagnosis system of the phase modifier is composed of a distributed phase modifier vibration collecting device, a cloud server and a terminal device. The distributed phase modifiervibration collecting device is communicatively connected with the cloud server; and the cloud server is in communication connection with the terminal device. The collecting device has advantages of simple wiring structure and low installation cost; the post vibration signal analysis processing data volume is reduced; and data are issued by combining the data server, so that remote monitoring and fault diagnosis are carried out on the set remotely.