The invention provides a three-component geophone horizontal component direction detection method and device. The method comprises the steps that three-component seismic data and the first arrival time of the three-component seismic data are acquired; the parameters of a covariance matrix to be established are calculated according to the three-component seismic data, the first arrival time and thepreset time window length; the main feature vector of the covariance matrix to be established is calculated; the first inclined angle of the projection of the main feature vector in the horizontal plane and the transverse reference axis is calculated; and the second inclined angle between the first inclined angle and the azimuth is calculated according to the first inclined angle and the azimuthof the source-receiver connecting line. According to the three-component geophone horizontal component direction detection method and device, the objectives of effective analysis and quality control of the direction of the three-component geophone can be achieved.