The invention provides a climbing rod fastening device and a climbing rod safety device. The climbing rod fastening device comprises a ring-shaped shell, wherein a rod-passing hole for a rod body to pass through is formed in the middle of the ring-shaped shell, a traveling mechanism for the climbing rod fastening device to move up and down is mounted on the ring-shaped shell, a belt locking mechanism for gripping the rod body is also mounted on the ring-shaped shell, the belt locking mechanism comprises a belt of which one end is relatively fixed to the ring-shaped shell and the other end is retractable, the belt is wound in a ring shape and is used for the rod body to pass through, and a retracting mechanism, which is used to retract and release the belt and to lock the belt when the beltis tightened and the rod body is gripped by the belt, is mounted on the ring-shaped shell. When foot buckles of an operator at high altitude slip off, the climbing rod fastening device can timely lock an arcuate groove to connect the climbing rod fastening device and the operator through a safety belt, thereby preventing the operator from falling overhead and improving the safety.