The invention discloses a vision alertness detection system. The system comprises a plurality of PDA handheld terminals with data storage modules, an analysis device configured to receive and analyzethe vision alertness data, a wireless communication module configured to achieve vision alertness data transmission between the PDA handheld terminals and the analysis device and a safety communication unit configured to achieve safety transmission and management of the vision alertness data, wherein the PDA handheld terminals are configured to provide subjective scale testing and objective testing for a user to form vision alertness data. PDA and computer terminal testing is supported, multi-person online and offline vision alertness testing can be achieved, the response speed of the PDA handheld terminals and the computer terminal is calibrated, and system errors are effectively removed.