The invention discloses a bolt locking monitoring system and method used for a locking process. During bolt pre-locking, a torsion tool is cooperated with a torsion sensor or an intermediary piece provided with a radio frequency reader to read information from bolts attached with RF labels according to the predetermined locking sequence, and a torsion controller receives the information wirelessly, and determines whether the bolt is correct, memorizes the locking sequence and completes editing and storage at the same time. The torsion controller monitors the whole locking process, whether a worker locks the bolts to a target torque value according to the predetermined locking sequence and locking mode is determined, and an alarm is given in real time. Related information of bolt locking iswritten into a volume label or stored in a peripheral server or stored in a cloud server through the Internet of Things, so that all information related to the bolt can be tracked and checked afterwards.