The invention discloses a method for screening chemical risk substances such as nitrofuran antibiotics in toiletries. The method comprises (1) establishing an accurate mass database and a mass spectral database of compounds to be detected, (2) pre-treating a toiletry sample through extraction, centrifugation, purification and filtration, and carrying out ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry analysis detection on the sample solution, and (3) comparing and analyzing the test result in the step (2) and the built accurate mass database and mass spectral database in the step (1) and carrying out nitrofuran antibiotic chemical risk substance nitrofuran antibiotic screening. The method has high accuracy, strong specificity and high sensitivity and can be applied to daily detection and quality control of the toiletries.