The invention discloses a method for combining illumination and medicine to shorten a transition period of female donkeys to oestrum. The method includes the steps of (1) selecting a plurality of healthy unpregnant female donkeys, starting to prolong illumination duration of the female donkeys from the later or middle December and gradually prolonging daily artificial illumination duration for 50 days;(2) from the 41th day to the 50th day, blending 6-15 mg of orally-taken progesterone into daytime fodder for the female donkeys every day, and then constantly feeding each female donkey with the blended fodder for 10 days; (3) 50 days later, using b-mode ultrasonography to conduct follicle tracking monitoring on the female donkeys, and recording the follicular development conditions till ovulation. The method for combining the illumination and the medicine to shorten the transition period of the female donkeys to the oestrum is simple to operate, the oestrum of the female donkeys can be brought forward at least one month, the propagation cycle of the donkeys is shortened, the utilization period of the female donkeys cannot be shortened, benefits of donkey raisers are increased, and therefore the method has a significant meaning for stabilizing the donkey product market.