The invention provides a rapid dismounting and mounting structure of functional modules of an unmanned aerial vehicle, which can be used for conveniently and rapidly mounting and replacing the functional modules. The rapid dismounting and mounting structure of the functional modules of the unmanned aerial vehicle, provided by the invention, comprises a rapid dismounting male head, a rapid dismounting female head and a movable spring bolt assembly, wherein the rapid dismounting female head comprises a sliding groove; the rapid dismounting male head comprises a sliding part; the movable spring bolt assembly comprises a spring bolt; the sliding part slides along the sliding groove; a notch is formed in an outer circumference wall, which is embedded into the sliding groove, of the sliding part; the movable spring bolt can be selectively embedded into or released from the notch.