The present invention relates to a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and system. The sensor comprises a base and three groups of sensing devices mounted on the base. The three groups of sensing devices are arranged on the three surfaces of the base according to a space rectangular coordinate system. The system includes a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor, a fiber coupler, a wavelength demodulation device, a broadband light source and a module operation device, the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is connected with the fiber coupler through an optical fiber, the fiber coupler is connected to the broadband light source and the wavelength demodulation device, and the wavelength demodulation device and the module operation device are connected. The invention adopts a non-rotating structure and an independent temperature compensating grating. The sensor has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, high measuring precision and good stability. In addition, the sensor can measure the wind speed and the wind direction at the same time, and a plurality of sensors are arranged to form a measuring network, to achieve multi-point measurement. In addition, the sensor achieves seamless access with equipment based on fiber grating technology.