The invention relates to a device and method for realizing laser cavitating cleaning micro-nano-particles on the surface of a material. The device comprises a water box and a loading table located in the water box. The water box is arranged on a three-dimensional movable working table. A laser cavitating device is installed above the water box. The laser caviating device and the three-dimensional movable working table are connected with a computer. A voltage sensor detecting device is installed on the material. The voltage sensor detecting device is connected with the computer through a data processing device. When laser beams and water produce a cavitation effect, cavitation bubbles are induced to be produced, high pressure shock waves and micro jet produced after cavitation bubbles collapse can produce actionof cleaningthe micro-nano-particles on the surface of the material on a workpiece; and meanwhile, a pressure gradient is formed on the surfaces of the cavitation bubbles, the pressure gradient can drive the cavitation bubbles to move a target material, so that pressure changes are produced on the surface of the material. According to the device for realizing laser cavitating cleaning the micro-nano-particles on the surface of the material, the pressure changes of the surface the workpiece are used as characteristic parameters to judge the effect of laser cavitating cleaning the micro-nano-particles on the surface of the material, so that the measurement result is more convenient and accurate.