The invention provides a garbage disposal system and method based on the plasma gasification technique. The garbage disposal system based on the plasma gasification technique comprises a garbage pretreatment unit, a plasma gasification unit, a gas purification unit and a power generation unit, wherein the garbage pretreatment unit is used for generating garbage derived fuel, the plasma gasification unit is used for gasifying organic matter in the garbage derived fuel so as to generate combustible synthesis gas, the gas purification unit is used for purifying the synthesis gas, and the power generation unit is used for generating power through combustion of the purified synthesis gas. By adoption of the garbage disposal system based on the plasma gasification technique, the utilization rate of domestic garbage can be increased, the plasma gasification efficiency is improved, zero emission of pollutants in the garbage treatment process is achieved, and better economical benefits are achieved.