The invention discloses a CO2 mineralizing power generation method using sodium bicarbonate as an alkaline leaching agent, a battery is divided into a positive electrode zone and a negative electrode zone by a cation exchange membrane, the negative electrode zone contains a supporting electrolyte, the positive electrode zone contains a leaching solution formed by alkaline solid waste and the sodium bicarbonate, after a conductive path is formed by a positive electrode and a negative electrode, CO2 is introduced into the negative electrode for ionization into H<+> and HCO3<->, the H<+> is reduced into H2, the H2 is recycled back to the positive electrode, and oxidized into the H<+>, the H<+> and OH<-> of a positive electrode liquid are neutralized, and the sodium bicarbonate is generated from the HCO3<-> and Na<+> from the positive electrode zone. The sodium bicarbonate in a negative electrode liquid is continuously generated and circulated to the positive electrode zone, caustic soda is extracted, suspension is filtered and leached, filtrate is used as a positive electrode electrolyte, and the positive electrode liquid with the OH<-> consumed is recycled to the negative electrode zone. By means of heating, the CO2 mineralizing power generation method can improve the electricity production performance, is suitable for power generation of weak alkaline solid waste, can be applied to steel making industry to achieve three purposes of emission reduction, solid waste treatment and power generation, and has high practical value.