The invention discloses a neutron activation sample fast transmission device which includes a commutator, a sample injector, a sample receiver, an irradiator, a waste storage device, a glove box, a vacuum tank, a gas tank, an irradiation monitor, and a controller. The irradiation monitor includes a detector and a measuring instrument. The sample injector, the sample receiver, the irradiator, the waste storage device and the glove box are connected with the commutator through a sample conveying pipe. The commutator, the sample receiver, the irradiator and the glove box are connected with the vacuum tank through a gas circuit. The commutator, the sample injector, the sample receiver and the glove box are connected with the gas tank through a gas circuit. The detector is fixedly connected with the irradiator. The commutator, the sample injector, the sample receiver, the irradiator, the waste storage device, the glove box and the measuring instrument are electrically connected with the controller. The neutron activation sample fast transmission device has the functions of sample transmission, irradiation, storage, measurement, discarding, dose monitoring and over-irradiated sample suspended cooling and the characteristics of compact structure and lower noise. Moreover, the device has good stability and safety.