The invention discloses a real-time dynamic stress monitoring method for a whole hydraulic lifting process of a steel truss. Compared with a conventional monitoring method for the hydraulic lifting process of the steel truss, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: (1) the defect of difficulty in realizing dynamic real-time monitoring due to use of conventional coordinate monitoring methods such as a level gauge, a total station, a theodolite and the like are overcome, so that dynamic real-time monitoring of the whole hydraulic lifting process of the steel truss can be realized; (2) compared with a conventional monitoring device, once the establishment of a computer vision monitoring and identification system is finished, coordinate data of multiple target monitoring points can be quickly obtained at the same time without repetitive operation, so that the manpower is saved and the efficiency is improved; (3) through real-time data transmission and finite element model analysis, a real-time steel truss stress distribution cloud chart can be obtained, and a danger early warning function ensures the safety in the lifting process; and (4) compared with other methods, high-precision, high-efficiency and low-cost field construction demands are met.