The invention discloses an axial vibration absorber for an oil-water well pipe column. The axial vibration absorber comprises a base pipe, a vibrator and elastic devices. The outer side of the base pipe is sleeved with the vibrator, and an annular space is formed between the base pipe and the vibrator; and the elastic devices are installed in the annular space and are disc spring combinations, rubber air bags or compression springs. An inner cavity of the middle of the vibrator is provided with a step which divides the annular space between the vibrator and the base pipe into an annular space upper cavity and an annular space lower cavity, and the elastic devices are arranged in the annular space upper cavity and the annular space lower cavity correspondingly. The upper end surface of the step in the middle of the vibrator is in clearance fit with an upper bottom gasket, and the lower end surface of the step is in clearance fit with a lower top gasket; the outer side of the upper end of the base pipe is provided with a step, and the lower end surface of the step is in clearance fit with an upper top gasket; the exterior of the base pipe is further sleeved with a pressing sleeve in a threaded mode, and anti-loosening nails are used for fastening; and the upper end surface of the pressing sleeve abuts against a lower bottom gasket. According to the axial vibration absorber for the oil-water well pipe column, the structure is simple and reliable, the on-site implementation method is simple and convenient, and the working states of the pipe column and matching tools are effectively improved.