The invention discloses a bicycle brake system capable of achieving energy recovery and utilization. The bicycle brake system comprises a clutch ratchet gear arranged on a wheel hub and a ratchet gear inlaid into the clutch ratchet gear, wherein outer teeth of the ratchet gear and inner teeth of the clutch ratchet gear are matched with each other to form ratchet gear motion, and a brake pad is arranged at the end of the ratchet gear. The bicycle brake system further comprises a clutch locking gear arranged on a wheel axle, a torsional spring is nested on the clutch locking gear, one end of the torsional spring is fixed to the gear wall of the clutch locking gear, the other end of the torsional spring is fixed to the gear wall of the ratchet gear, the clutch ratchet gear and the clutch locking gear can be meshed with each other, and a control device used for controlling linkage or disconnection of the clutch locking gear and the clutch ratchet gear is connected to the clutch locking gear. According to the bicycle brake system, the energy utilization rate of the bicycle brake system can be effectively increased, assistance is provided for a rider for starting a bicycle, and the bicycle can be more quickly started on some ramp sections or congestion sections with the concentrated traffic flow.