The invention discloses a configuration and layout method for thrusters of a large longitudinal-axis ground microwave antenna load satellite. The method comprises the following steps that a coordinate system O-XYZ of a satellite body is built, and the situation that the layout plane of the orbit control thrusters and the attitude control thrusters is the satellite rocket separation plane, namely the -Z plane is determined; the number and layout of the orbit control thrusters are determined; and the configuration and layout of the attitude control thrusters are determined. The detects that according to a traditional layout and configuration method for thrusters, the layout space on a large longitudinal-axis ground microwave antenna load satellite is limited, the using rate of the orbit control thrusters is low, and the requirement for the relative positions of the thrusters and the mass center is high are overcome.