The invention provides a production method of efficient carbon-based fertilizer and solves the technical problems of complicated steps, high time consumption, low preparation efficiency and the like of an existing preparation method. The production method of the efficient carbon-based fertilizer comprises steps as follows: a, straw is smashed, dried and then sent to a carbonization furnace, and biological ash is obtained; b, the biological ash obtained after incineration is screened by a 60-mesh sieve; c, 40-60 parts of the biological ash obtained in the step b is weighed firstly, then 12-16 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1-3 parts of a microbial agent, 5-8 parts of urea, 10-12 parts of bone meal, 3-6 parts of potassium oxide, 2-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-4 parts of boric acid, 4-10 parts of humic acid, 6-10 parts of mineral powder, 5-10 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of auxiliary materials are weighed, the materials are placed in a stirring device and stirred uniformly, and a fertilizer mixture is obtained; d, the fertilizer mixture obtained in the step c is pelletized by a pelletizer, and fertilizer particles are obtained; e, the fertilizer particles obtained in the step d are dried by a drying machine. The production method of the efficient carbon-based fertilizer has the advantage of high production efficiency.