The invention provides a cylinder mixing machine vibration measuring and adjusting device and a cylinder mixing machine vibration measuring and adjusting method. A cylinder mixing machine comprises an upper carrier roller pair, a lower carrier roller pair as well as a cylinder body supported on the upper carrier roller pair and the lower carrier roller pair; the upper carrier roller pair comprises a first carrier roller and a second carrier roller; the lower carrier roller pair comprises a third carrier roller and a fourth carrier roller; and the third carrier roller in the lower carrier roller pair and the first carrier roller in the upper carrier roller are positioned on the same side of the vertical projection of the central axis of the cylinder body, and the other carrier rollers are positioned on the other side of the vertical projection of the central axis. The method comprises the following steps: setting supporting frames and setting a reference line, which is superposed with the vertical projection of the central axis of the cylinder body of the cylinder mixing machine, between the supporting frames; measuring and adjusting the carrier rollers of the cylinder mixing machine; and measuring and adjusting the contact area of a rolling ring and the carrier rollers of the cylinder mixing machine. The device comprises the reference line, a carrier roller measuring and adjusting unit as well as a rolling ring and carrier roller contact area measuring and adjusting unit. The operation reliability and stability of the cylinder mixing machine are improved, and the maintenance cost of the cylinder mixing machine is reduced.