The invention discloses a dust removal device of mobile casting machine for the foundry industry. The dust removal device comprises sliding rails, a pulley and a casting mechanism arranged on the pulley, and the casting mechanism comprises a standing plate arranged on the pulley; one side of the standing plate is connected to a casting ladle through a bracket, and the upper part, far away from one side of the standing plate, of the casting ladle is provided with a dust hood; an air suction pipe is fixed to the upper end of the standing plate, and the dust hood is connected to a dust removal mechanism through the air suction pipe; the air suction pipe is connected to an annular pipe horizontally arranged above the casting ladle, and the upper end of the pulley is provided with a heat dissipating water tank; the dust removal mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the heat dissipating water tank, and comprises a tank body fixedly installed on the heat dissipating water tank; the tank body is internally provided with at least one layer of filler, and a uniform distribution device is arranged above each layer of the filler. According to the dust removal device disclosed by the invention, not only metal dust filtered can be recycled, but also sucked smoke can be cooled at the same time; and the influence of high temperature on the service life of a suction pump can be avoided.