The invention discloses an attendance cheating behavior detection method based on a positioning system. The attendance cheating behavior detection method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting positioning data uploaded by each positioning card; step 2, obtaining re-sampling data; step 3, judging motion states of the two cards; step 4, obtaining the similarity of two groups of data in three channels of each positioning card; step 5, judging a similar relationship between Ci and Cj based on a relationship between a similarity value and a threshold value; step 6, repeating the above step, obtaining similarity cumulative results of the two cards and judging whether the positioning cards Ci and Cj are carried by a same person within a preset time period or not based on the similarity cumulative results; and step 7, obtaining a plurality of sets of results that the two positioning cards are carried by one person and analyzing to obtain results that the two or more than two positioning cards are carried by one person. The technical effect that through the method disclosed by the invention, multiple repeated workload calculations on carrying of a plurality of cards by one person and other attendance cheating behaviors can be effectively detected, so that the accuracy of working hour statistics is ensured is realized.