The invention discloses a test subsample capacity characteristic determination method. The method comprises steps that S1, original test data of a target subsample is acquired, and statistics distribution of the target subsample is determined according to the acquired original test data; S2, according to the statistics distribution determined in the step S1, target estimation precision during estimation is determined; S3, a sample capacity demand under the statistics distribution of the step S1 is calculated when target estimation precision is satisfied; and S4, capacity characteristics of the target subsample are determined according to relationships between the capacity of the target subsample and the sample capacity demand acquired in the step S3. The method is advantaged in that the method is simple to realize, quantitative test subsample capacity characteristic determination can be realized, determination efficiency and precision are high, and data analysis precision is high.