The invention provides a cleaning system for riverway silt and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering. The cleaning system for the riverway silt comprises a bracket, a smashing device arranged on the bracket and a push device arranged on the bracket. The cleaning system has the beneficial effects that compared with manual silt removal, the work efficiency is high, the labor force is saved, the cleaning system can be moved to any position where silt removal is needed, the position relation between the smashing device and the push device can be adjusted in horizontal position and vertical position, it is guaranteed that the smashing device does not intervene with the push device, a lead screw A rotates, the whole smashing device can be driven to do the circling motion, the smashing is quite thorough, and no smashing dead corner is left; and a lead screw B rotates, the whole push device can be driven to do the circling motion, the smashed slit can be pushed and loaded to the vehicle by 360 degrees, vehicle loading is conducted through the push device, the work efficiency is high, people do not need to be in contact with the smashed silt, and the harm of the silt to the health of the human body is avoided.