The invention discloses a novel waste incineration smoke treatment system comprising a fire grate, a boiler, a bag-type dust collector, an induced draft fan, a smoke recirculating pipe, a secondary air pipe, a secondary air fan and a chimney, wherein the fire grate is arranged below the boiler, and an outlet of the boiler is sequentially provided with the bag-type dust collector, the induced draft fan and the chimney. The boiler is composed of a boiler chamber, a connecting flue and a tail flue which are arranged to be door-shaped. An optimized combined process comprising smoke recirculation, SNCR, full-dry deacidification (sodium bicarbonate superfine powder spraying), activated carbon adsorption and the efficient bag-type dust collector is adopted in the system, so that the final smoke emission is guaranteed to meet the requirement for high standard.