The invention belongs to the technical field of toothbrushes, and in particular relates to a portable toothbrush based on driving of a volute spiral spring energy-storing hydraulic pump. The portable toothbrush comprises a brush head mechanism and a brush rod mechanism, wherein the brush head mechanism is mounted at one end of the brush rod mechanism; the brush head mechanism has the function of cleaning the teeth; the brush rod mechanism can fix the brush head mechanism and also can provide power for the rotation of the brush head mechanism. For the portable toothbrush based on driving of the volute spiral spring energy-storing hydraulic pump, the teeth brushing mode of the toothbrush can be switched according to the demands of a person brushing the teeth, so that the function of rapidly cleaning the teeth in a labor-saving manner is achieved; when the person brushing the teeth wants to locally clean the teeth of one certain part with emphasis, the person only needs to trigger a drive mechanism in the brush rod mechanism, so that the brush rod mechanism drives the brush head mechanism to rotate, and the function of rapidly and conveniently cleaning the teeth in a labor-saving manner is achieved.