The invention discloses a method for identifying a lithologic reservoir under strong impedance shielding by applying a wavelet decomposition and reconstruction technology, and belongs to the technical field of reservoir prediction. The method comprises the steps of firstly performing synthetic record production on a drilled well within a block, and completing fine reservoir calibration; implementing drilled well conditions such as the reservoir thickness under strong impedance shielding, simulating seismic reflection generated by a target reservoir and lithological combinations above the below the target reservoir by applying a desanding test based on petrophysical analysis, and analyzing geologic structure features reflected by a strong impedance reflection event according to characteristics of a generated seismic response; then screening wavelets, optimizing parameters to reconstruct a new seismic channel, and acquiring a seismic data volume after decomposition and reconstruction of the wavelets; and performing horizon tracing interpretation on the basis, extracting various attributes such as the horizon-oriented amplitude, and completing reservoir prediction. The method solves a problem of reservoir prediction under seismic strong wave impedance shielding by applying a wavelet decomposition and reconstruction technology, and provides a basis for identification, exploration and development deployment for the kind of lithologic reservoirs.