The invention discloses an ultraviolet imaging remote measuring method and apparatus for the concentration of a multi-component pollution source pollution gas cylinder. The apparatus comprises a measuring system and a calibration system, wherein the measuring system comprises a receiving telescope and a CCD detector, a rotating wheel is arranged between the receiving telescope and the CCD detector, the rotating wheel is provided with a background optical filter and a target gas optical filter, and the rotating wheel is also connected with a first motor; the calibration system comprises a small-field double-telescope and a spectrograph, the small-field double-telescope is connected with the spectrograph by virtue of an optical fiber, the small-field double-telescope is arranged on a rotating table, and the rotating table is connected with a second motor; and the optical intensity of a target gas is parsed by utilizing the Lambert-Beer absorbance law, the measuring system is calibrated in combination with the real-time cylinder concentration of the calibration system, and the spatial two-dimensional visual distribution of the target gas cylinder concentration can be obtained by utilizing a linear least square fitting method. The sun scattering light is adopted as a light source to perform the long-distance ultraviolet non-dispersive imaging, so that the time resolution and the spatial resolution are high.