The invention discloses a structure for cleaning gravel impurities in a water conservancy project conveniently. The structure comprises a pipeline, filter screens and a deposition cavity, wherein the filter screens are obliquely placed in the pipeline and are parallel to each other, and the deposition cavity is connected to the pipeline and is used for containing gravel; the bottom of the deposition cavity is connected with a horizontal sliding way, the bottom of the vertical side wall, away from the pipeline, of the deposition cavity is provided with a telescopic connection rod, and the side face of the deposition cavity is provided with an opening after the connection rod is shortened; the bottom of the deposition cavity is connected with a guide plate, the guide plate is provided with an infrared emitter, and a gravel processing device is connected to the guide plate; the gravel processing device comprises a vertical placement plate, a loading frame is connected to the placement plate, and the loading frame comprises a connection rod connected to the placement plate, and a horizontal loading bottom; and the bottom of the connection rod is connected with the top and the bottom of the placement plate through hinges, the connection rod rotates around the placement plate circularly, and the end, away from the connection rod, of the loading bottom is provided with an infrared receiver.